How to reduce a battery’s carbon footprint Report

Insight 09 August 2023

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*Please note that this report only includes an Excel data file if this is indicated in "What's included" below

Report summary

The EU’s new Batteries Regulation will require European EV manufacturers to report the carbon footprint of their batteries from 2025 and meet a threshold footprint limit from 2028. This report discusses which raw materials are emission hotspots and how OEMs can tailor their supply chains for greater sustainability.

Executive summary
Overview of the Batteries Regulation and new sustainability rules
Estimating the emissions for the individual lifecycle stages
How can OEMs optimise a cell’s carbon footprint?
- Nickel
- Graphite
- Lithium
- Changes on the gigafactory side
Expected impact and further questions to be answered

Tables and charts

This report includes the following images and tables:

Lithium-ion cell production steps
Energy intensity per kWh of NMC622 lithium-ion cell production
Carbon intensity of lithium-ion cell production

Carbon intensity of an NMC811 cell
Carbon footprint for NMC811 CAM and AAM
Carbon intensity of nickel sulphate hexahydrate
Scope 1 and 2 carbon intensity of nickel from global nickel operations
Carbon intensity of battery anode material (considering an 80-20 split between synthetic graphite and CSPG)
Carbon intensity of lithium hydroxide monohydrate